A large fraction of Ali's (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) army had broken off from him at Siffin and formed their own group of mercenaries known as Kharijites. These were in fact the militant wing of the conspirators which were led by, amongst others, Abdullah bin Saba. They comprised mostly of Yemeni Bedouins. They were fanatic troops and had radical and ultraorthodox approaches towards all matters of life.
They were, indeed, literalists
and outrightly wanted restoration and revival of the age of the Holy Prophet ﷺ,
and that of the first two rightly guided caliphs. This was surely not possible,
keeping in view the drastically changed ground realities of that time. They
were opposed to the idea of the court of arbitration and, for this
reason, they became violent and turned against both Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) and Mu'awiya (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ).
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